DM32 Quick Reference Guide

SwissMicros GmbH
Copyright 2023 v2.60 2023-06-02

Table of Contents

About this guide


Symbols used


Functions accessed using shifted keys are shown as Shift-Key + Key + [Function label]
For instance, invoking number pi is shown as ↱ SIN [π].

Navigation


F-Keys



Screenshot

Pressing F5 saves a 1-bit BMP screenshot file in folder /SCREENS. The file name is made up of the current date and time. Folders on the internal FAT disk can be accessed by connecting the calculator to a computer and activating USB disk mode in the Setup → File menu.

Setup menu


Setup Menu → 1. File

Save and Load complete calculator state to and from FAT disk as *.d32 files. Calculator state file contains:
  1. Load State
    Load state from *.d32 file.
  2. Save State
    Save state to *.d32 file.
  3. Load Clean State
    Global reset, clears everything and resets settings to defaults. Cannot be undone.
  4. Activate USB Disk
    Prepare DM32 for connection with computer for file exchange.
  5. Show Disk Info
    Display FAT Disk information.


Setup Menu → 2. Settings

  1. Set Time
    Set time and select 12h/24h format.
  2. Set Date
    Set date and select MDY/DMY format.
  3. Stack Font
    Cycle through available font variants.


Setup Menu → 3. System

Warning: certain actions in this menu can destroy all stored data of the calculator. Please run 'Save State' in File menu first to preserve data over potential RESET.
  1. Flashing firmware from FAT
    Starts flashing of new firmware if firmware file is copied to root of FAT filesystem.
  2. Bootloader
    Connect USB to enter bootloader mode. Note that reset is the only way to exit bootloader mode.
  3. Program Info
    Displays info about currently loaded program.
  4. Reset to DMCP menu
    Resets calculator and enters DMCP menu.
  5. Format FAT Disk
    This will format FAT filesystem. All data will be erased!
  6. FAT Disk Media Test
    All data stored in the FAT disk will be destroyed by this low-level media test!
  7. Power OFF mode
    Allows to set power OFF mode. Only for diagnostics.
  8. Self Test
    Set of tests for KBD, LCD, IR, BEEP and Diagnostics.

Setup Menu → 4. About

General OS and firmware information.

Functions reference by context/topic

Below is a list of functions grouped by topic. Some function names are duplicated as the same function can have various effects depending on the context/topic. Here are links to jump to specific context/topic:

Calculator modes

The calculator has 3 modes:
The calculator turns on in the same mode it was turned off in. To enter equations mode, press ↱ STO [EQN].
To exit equations mode, press C . To enter program mode, press ↰ R/S [PRGM]. To exit program mode, press C. To enter a CLEAR instruction as a program line while in program mode, use functions from the clear menu.

Variables and indirect addressing

See MEM menu to query the calculator about variables memory usage.

About variables There are 28 variables and they have a single-letter name from A to Z, and i and (i) playing an additional, special role in indirect addressing).
They are permanent and survive power cycles.
Local variables, on the other hand, are only available from inside a program label. They are volatile and only exist while the program runs. A maximum of ten can exist at any given time within the same program label. They have single-number names ranging from 0 to 9.

STO
STO A..Z
Stores a variable. Valid memory registers are letters A to Z.

RCL
RCL A..Z
Recalls a variable to the x-register. Variables can be recalled from memory registers A to Z.

STO ARITHMETIC
STO + | - | × | × A..Z
Applies arithmetic with value from x-register to variable (variable changes, x-register doesn't).

RCL ARITHMETIC
RCL + | - | × | × A..Z
Applies arithmetic with value from variable to x-register (x-register changes, variable doesn't).

Indirect addressing with i and (i)


Variables i and (i) work together:
i serves as an index to (i).
Example:
The example above works because variable names are mapped to numeric memory registers, so that number 3 is mapped to variable C:
x<>
↰ x<>y A..Z
Exchange x-register with a value from a variable. Also orks with indirect addressing.

VIEW
↱ 0 A..Z
Displays the contents of a variable. Has no effect on the stack. Clear display with ← or C. Also works with indirect addressing.

Complex numbers

The x/y and z/t register pairs can be interpreted by the calculator as two complex numbers for certain operations.
In this case, registers x and z are the real parts of both numbers and registers y and t are the imaginary parts.

CMPLX
↰ STO
Prefix used to indicate the next operation is intended to act upon one or a pair of complex numbers.

Fractions

Fractional number entry requires using . twice. To enter 1 2/3, use 1 . 2 . 3.
Fraction display mode is only a representational feature; all numbers are always stored in memory with maximum calculator precision.

FDISP


↰ .
Toggles fraction display mode. If displayed fraction doesn't represent stored number exactly, annunciators ▲ or ▼ appear to indicate that stored number is larger or smaller, respectively, than the displayed fraction.

/c


↱ .
Uses value in x-register to set current maximum denominator and puts the display in fraction mode. Possible values: 2-4095. 1 and 0 have special action:
About flags 7, 8, 9
These flags control fraction display. They work in a "cascading" fashion, with flag 9 only effective when flag 8 is set, and 8 only when 7 is set.

Equations

Equations are written using the calculator's equation mode. They are written in algebraic form. There are 3 types of equations:
Assignment-type equations evaluate differently whether ENTER or XEQ is used.

Note
All functions below describe calculator behavior when in equation list mode. Functions in paragraph Equation entry mode are only valid when that sub-mode is active.

EQN


↱ STO
Toggles equation list mode and annunciator EQN. Shows the equation list, which can be browsed using the arrow keys ↰ 7 [▼] / ↰ 8 [▲] or F3 / F4. Displayed equation is the one currently selected.

Equation entry mode


When in equation list mode (annunciator EQN is on), pressing any key (number, function or variable name) activates equation entry mode to start writing a new equation.
Pressing ← while viewing an existing equation in the equation list also switches to equation entry to edit the selected equation.

Writing and modifying equations


Pressing ← while equation entry is active deletes the right-most character from the equation. Arguments to binary functions (e.g. %CHG) must be separated by a space (R/S). To enter variable names, use STO or RCL before pressing corresponding letter key.
Terminate equation entry with ENTER. The calculator reverts to equation list mode.

ENTER / XEQ


ENTER / XEQ
When in equation list mode, both keys evaluate the currently selected equation, depending on its type.
The calculator prompts for variable values in order to evaluate. For each query, either
With desired value ready, R/S proceeds to the next value prompt or, if all equation values have been entered, performs the evaluation.

Equation editing
←
To modify a stored equation, select it from the equation list and press ←. Switches the calculator to equation entry mode. A block cursor displays at the end of the line, which allows for adding characters to the equation of deleting the rightmost character by pressing ←.

SHOW
↱ ENTER
Displays the checksum of the currently selected equation.

C
C
Leaves equation mode. Annunciator EQN turns off.

CLEAR
↰ ←
Deletes currently selected equation instantly. Cannot be undone.

SCRL
↱ RCL
Toggles equation scrolling on/off. In equation mode, if the currently selected equation is too long for the display, keys √x and Σ+ are used to scroll the equation.
To enter a new equation starting with √x from here, this scrolling function must therefore be deactivated. Function SCRL does that in this context.

Solving

The solve function finds a value for a selected variable in either an equation or a program. The solver algorithm attempts to find a value so that:

FN=


↱ XEQ
Defines the label to be used for solving when using a program as function.

SOLVE


↱ 7

To solve an equation


Use the SOLVE function with the equations list open and the desired equation selected. The calculator prompts for the unknown variable name to be solved for. Press the corresponding letter-key. The calculator then prompts for value of each of the known variables. For each query, either:
With the desired value ready, R/S proceeds to the next value prompt. If all known values have been entered, R/S starts solving. Value in x-register and of the variable being solved for are used as clues, as starting values, for the solver algorithm.
The variable value which solves the equation is displayed and stored in the x-register. The y- and z- registers hold special values after a solution has been found.

To solve a program


Finds a root for a function defined in the form of a program. The program label to use must be designated beforehand with function FN=. To solve a program:

Structure of a "solve program"


A "solve program" is really a regular calculator program or program label which must follow these guidelines:
Example solve program listing for Ohm's law (V=R×I):

Stack status after SOLVE



Programmatic usage
SOLVE can be called as an instruction in a program. The function to solve must itself be stored as a "solve program". To use SOLVE in this context, function FN= must be called first, then SOLVE.
When SOLVE is done, the found value is stored in the variable being solved for without notice. To display the result, add a VIEW variable instruction as a program line immediately after the call to SOLVE. If no root can be found, the program line following the call to SOLVE is skipped.
Calls to SOLVE can't be nested, i.e. SOLVE cannot find a root for a program which itself calls SOLVE.

Interruption
C | R/S
If interrupted, the solving algorithm leaves the current best guess in the variable being solved for.

Integration

The integrand's function is stored in the calculator as an equation, either in the equations list or as a program line. The latter is necessary if the goal is to call the integrating function from a running program. Depending on the equation type, the value of the integrand's function is equal to:

FN=


↱ XEQ
Defines the label to be used for integration when using a program as the integrand's function.

∫FN d (INTEGRATE)
↱ 8

To integrate an equation


Before using the function, lower and upper boundaries must be entered in the x- and y-register, respectively. Use the ∫FN d function with the equations list open and the desired equation selected.
The calculator prompts for the variable name to be used for integration. Press the corresponding letter-key. The calculator then prompts for value each of the other variables. For each query, either:
With desired value ready, R/S proceeds to the next value prompt or, if all values have been entered, integration starts. The display shows INTEGRATING and annunciator EQN flashes until the result is placed in the x-register.
At that point, the y-register holds the uncertainty of the result.  Upper/lower boundaries have been pushed to the z- and t-register, respectively.

To integrate a program


The integrand's function can take the shape of a program. The program label to use must be designated beforehand with function FN=.

Structure of an "integration program"


An "integration program" must follow these guidelines:
Programmatic usage
The integration algorithm can be called as an instruction in a program. The integrand's function itself must be stored as an "integration program". The two integration instructions appear in the program as:
Remember to explicitly define or prompt (with instruction INPUT) for the boundaries. The result of the programmed ∫FN d instruction does not display because it is assumed it will be used for further calculations inside the program.
If displaying the result is desired, a PSE (↱ R/S) or STOP (R/S) instruction must be entered after the ∫FN d instruction.
Calls to ∫FN d can't be nested, i.e. ∫FN d cannot integrate a program which itself calls ∫FN d.

Integration accuracy
The precision of integration calculation is determined by the current display format setting (FIX, SCI, ENG or ALL). The more digits are displayed, the more accurate the calculation is and the longer it takes for the calculation to complete.

Interruption
C | R/S
Integration can be interrupted, but no information is available unless the calculation finishes normally.

Programming

See MEM menu to query the calculator about program memory usage.

About program memory and labels


The entire program memory is made of program lines (of which the first at the top is permanent and called PRGM TOP) and labels are markers that split this continuous column in discrete programs.
It is then possible to execute only the program lines found directly after a specific label using function XEQ label name.
It could be said that individual programs exist as label-delimited ranges of lines from the main program memory, rather than as self-contained objects. The word label is therefore used, by extension, to designate the programs that they delimit.
Another way of thinking is to consider program memory as one large program in which labels define sub-routines, or modules, made to work together in the larger program.
Note that, although labels are also named with letters A-Z, they have nothing to do with variables.

About nesting and sub-routines


Programs can't be written as nested, that is, program label B can't be "contained" in program label A. Nesting happens at execution, i.e. a program can make a nested call to another.
An instruction line of program A can call program B (using function XEQ), which when executed returns (when the RTN instruction is met) to program A right after the nested call instruction, effectively making program B a sub-routine of program A.

About program pointer and run/stop


The program pointer is positioned at the program line to be executed next. It can be thought of as the program "read head". It can be either running or stopped. R/S runs/stops the pointer, that is, starts or stops program execution.
Using XEQ label name makes the pointer jump to the specified label and immediately run.
Using GTO label name has the same effect but will not make the pointer run. When entering program mode, the line which appears is the one at the program pointer.

PRGM
↰ R/S


Toggles program input mode. Displayed line is where the pointer is at. Toggles annunciator PRGM.

XEQ
XEQ A..Z
Executes program at specified label.

XEQ in a program


Can be used programmatically to make a nested call to another program, effectively using it as a sub-routine. Up to 15 programs can be nested. Function RTN is used to exit a nested program. When invoked, RTN returns the program pointer to parent program at the line following the XEQ nesting command.

RTN


↰ +

LBL


LBL A..Z
Defines entry points for programs. Has no effect when out of program mode. Only one program can exist in memory without a label.

GTO
↰ XEQ A..Z
Immediately moves the program pointer to specified label. If executed manually, stays at the specified label. If executed programmatically, resumes program execution from the specified label.

GTO line number
↰ XEQ . A..Z + nnn
Immediately moves the program pointer to specified label and program line. May be used in normal and PRGM mode to quickly reach a part of the code. Cannot be written as a program line.

GTO top of program memory
↰ XEQ . .
Immediately moves the program pointer to line PRGM TOP at the top of program memory.

Single-step execution / program lines scrolling
↰ 7 [▼] / ↰ 8 [▲] or F3 / F4
Moves the program pointer down/up.

INPUT


↰ 0 A..Z
Halts program and prompts for user input for a variable.

Statistics

All statistics operations are performed from specific menus:

The entry of statistical data itself is done directly using function Σ+.



Σ+
Σ+
Accumulates statistics data from the x- and y-register. The datapoints entered are added to dedicated summation registers.
If the data to enter is based on one variable only, values accumulated for the Y data point can be ignored (there will be Y data accumulated because Σ+ accumulates from both registers no matter what; it's just unconsequential if not needed). If two-variable data is needed, then for each datapoint entered:
Of course, it is also possible to use the X and Y values of a datapoint as two parallel and (possibly) unrelated series. Pay attention to the fact that an x,y data pair must be entered in reverse order to end up in the right places on the calculator stack (y ENTER x).

Σ-
↰ Σ+ [Σ-]
Deletes statistics data. To remove a datapoint from the summation registers:

Menus

Some calculator functions are picked from menus. These menus are opened from the calculator keypad using shift keys.
When a menu is displayed, the F-Keys act as soft buttons to select the function displayed directly above them or to go down a step in the menu hierarchy. To go up a step in the menu hierarchy, press ←. To immediately exit a menu, press C.
There are 15 calculator menus. The links below list them as they appear on the keypad, from left-to-right and top-to-bottom:

PARTS


↱ √
Useful to return parts of a number in x-register. The returned value replaces contents of x-register.

PROB


↱ ex
Calculates probabilities and controls random number functions.

L.R.


↱ LN
Linear Regression: calculates a best-fit line based on X/Y statistics accumulation (using command Σ+).

x,y


↱ yx
Calculates mean values based on X/Y statistics accumulation (using command Σ+).

s,σ


↱ 1/x
Calculates standard deviation based on X/Y statistics accumulation (using command Σ+).

SUMS


↱ Σ+
Returns various sums based on X/Y statistics accumulation (using command Σ+).
Specific memory registers number 28 to 33 are used to store these numbers; variables in DM32 are all stored in letter-registers, but they all have a numeric counterpart. Statistics sums can be returned manually using this menu, or programmatically using indirect addressing.

MEM


↰ x<>y
Shows remaining calculator memory. Sub-menus show information about, and allows for selective deletion of, variables and program labels.

MODES


↰ +/-
Selects trigonometric format and style of decimal separator.

DISP


↰ E
Controls display format.

CLEAR


↰ ←
Clearing utility. Has different effects in PRGM and EQN mode. Action cannot be undone.

x?y


↰ ÷
Tests x-register against y-register with 6 relational operators.

x?0


↱ ÷
Tests whether x-register against y-register with 6 relational operators.

BASE


↰ ×
Controls number base.

FLAGS


↱ ×
Allows setting, clearing and testing flags. Flags are 1-bit pieces of information (either set or cleared) always present in a dedicated memory space. First select operation to carry out and then specify flag number to test for or act upon.
After selecting one of the operations, enter the flag number. There are 12 flags:

Functions alphabetical index


#

+/-
+/-
changes sign of number

+
+
addition

-
-
subtraction

×
×
multiplication

÷
÷
changes sign of number

yx 2
yx
power

←
←
▼
↰ ▼
▲
↱ ▲
1/x
1/x
reciprocal

10x
↰ ex
10 raised to x-register power

%
↱ COS
(x × y) ÷ 100

%CHG


↱ TAN
(x - y) × (100 ÷ y)

π
↱ SIN
3.14159265359 (12 digits approximation of pi)

Σ+
Σ+
accumulate (y,x) into statistics registers

Σ-
↰ Σ+
remove (y,x) from statistics registers

Σx
↱ Σ+ [SUMS]
statistics: sum of x-values

Σx²
↱ Σ+ [SUMS]
statistics: sum of squares of x-values

Σxy
↱ Σ+ [SUMS]
statistics: sum of products of x- and y-values

Σy
↱ Σ+ [SUMS]
statistics: sum of y-values

Σy²
↱ Σ+ [SUMS]
statistics: sum of squares of y-values

σx
↱ s,σ [s,σ] σx
population standard deviation of x-values

σy
↱ s,σ [s,σ] σy
population standard deviation of y-values

Θ,r → y,x
↰ 4
convert coordinates in x- and y-registers from polar to rectangular

∫FN d ↱ 8
integrate equation or program selected by function FN=, using x-register and y-register as uppr and lower limit

( ² ↱ E
opening parethesis

) ² ↱ E
closing parethesis



A

A trough Z ²

STO variable or RCL variable
value of named variable

ABS ↱ √ [PARTS] ABS
absolute value

ACOS ↰ COS
arc cosine

ACOSH ↰ HYP ↰ COS
hyperbolic arc cosine

ALOG ² ↰ ex
antilogarithm

ALL ↰ E [DISP] ALL
display full precision

ASIN ↰ SIN
arc sine

ASINH ↰ HYP ↰ SIN
hyperbolic arc sine

ATAN ↰ TAN
arc tangent

ATANH ↰ HYP ↰ TAN
hyperbolic arc tangent



B

b
↱ LN [L.R.] b
y-intercept of regression line

BASE menu
↰ × [BASE]
call menu to select base number

BIN
↰ × [BASE] BN
select binary mode (base 2)

C

C
C
/c
↱ .
set maximum fraction denominator

→°C
↰ 2
convert from °F to °C

CF
↱ × [FLAGS] CF nn
clear flag nn

CLEAR
↰ ← [CLEAR]
call menu with clearing functions

CLEAR ALL
↰ ← [CLEAR] ALL
clear all stored data, equations and programs

CLEAR PGM
↰ ← [CLEAR] PGM
clear all stored programs
calculator must be in program mode

CLEAR EQN
↰ ← [CLEAR] EQN
clear equation in program
calculator must be in program mode

CLΣ
↰ ← [CLEAR] Σ
clear statistics registers

CLVARS ↰ ← [CLEAR] VARS
clear all variables (set them to zero) CLx
↰ ← [CLEAR] x
clear x-register (set to zero)

→CM
↰ 3
convert from inch to centimeter

CMPLX
↰ STO [CMPLX] operation
set CMPLX_ prefix for complex functions

CMPLX+/-
↰ STO [CMPLX] +/-
complex: change sign

CMPLX+
↰ STO [CMPLX] +
complex: addition

CMPLX-
↰ STO [CMPLX] -
complex: subtraction

CMPLX×
↰ STO [CMPLX] ×
complex: multiplication

CMPLX÷
↰ STO [CMPLX] ÷
complex: division

CMPLX1/x
↰ STO [CMPLX] 1/x
complex: reciprocal

CMPLXCOS
↰ STO [CMPLX] COS
complex: cosine

CMPLXex
↰ STO [CMPLX] ex
complex: natural exponential

CMPLXLN
↰ STO [CMPLX] LN
complex: natural log

CMPLXSIN
↰ STO [CMPLX] SIN
complex: sine

CMPLXTAN
↰ STO [CMPLX] TAN
complex: tangent

CMPLXyx
↰ STO [CMPLX] yx
complex: power

Cn,r
↱ ex [PROB] Cn,r
combinations of n items taken r at a time
COS
COS
cosine

COSH
↰ HYP COS
hyperbolic cosine



D

DEC
↰ × [BASE] DEC
select decimal mode (base 10)

DEG
↰ × [MODES] DG
select degrees for angle representation
→DEG
↰ 6
convert from radians to degrees

DISP
↰ E [DISP]
call menu to select number display format

DSE
↱ 9 variable
Decrement, Skip if Equal or less
used as program instruction



E

E
E
entry of exponent

ENG
↰ E [DISP] EN nn
engineering notation display with number of digits
use . for values over 9

ENTER
ENTER

EQN
↱ STO
toggles equation mode

eˣ
ex
natural exponential

EXP() ²
ex
natural exponential in an equation



F

→°F
↱ 2
convert from °C to °F

FDISP
↰ .
toggles fraction display mode

FIX
↰ E [DISP] FX nn
fixed display with n decimal places
use . for values over 9

FLAGS
↱ × [FLAGS] call menu for flag management and testing

FN=


↱ XEQ [FN=] label
select labeled program as current function to SOLVE

FP
↱ √x [PARTS] FP
fractional part of number in x-register

FS?
↱ × [FLAGS] FS? nn
test status of flag nn
use . for values over 9



G

→GAL
↱ -
convert from liter to gallon

GRAD
↰ × [MODES] GR
select gradians for angle representation

GTO
↰ XEQ [GTO] label
set program pointer to glabal label

GTO.
↰ XEQ . [GTO] label nn
set program pointer to line nn of program label
GTO..
↰ XEQ . .
set program pointer to PRGM TOP



H

HEX
↰ × [BASE] HX
select hexadecimal mode (base 16)

HYP
↰ HYP [HYP] operation
set HYP_ prefix for hyperbolic functions

→HMS
↱ 5
convert decimal hour format to hh.mmss

→HR
↰ 5
convert hh.mmss hour format to decimal



I

i ²
STO . [i] or RCL . [i]
stores or recalls value of variable i

(i) ²
STO R/S [(i)] or RCL R/S [(i)]
stores or recalls value of variable indirectly designated by variable i

→IN
↱ 3
convert from centimeter to inch

INPUT
↰ 0 [INPUT] variable
prompt for variable value
only used as program instruction

INV(arg) ²
1/x reciprocal of argument in an equation

IP
↱ √x [PARTS] IP
integer part of number in x-register

ISG
↰ 9 variable
Increment, Skip if Greater
used as program instruction



K

→KG
↰ 1
convert from pound to kilogram



L

→L
↰ -
convert from gallon to liter

LASTx
↰ ENTER
return last number stored in LASTx register
LASTx keeps value of x-register before last operation

→LB
↱ 1
convert from kilogram to pound

LBL
↰ + [LBL] label
name a program with label
for reference by XEQ, GTO or FN= functions
only for programs

LN
LN
natural logarithm

LOG ↰ LN common logarithm

L.R.
↱ L.R. [L.R.] call menu for linear regression functions



M

m
↱ L.R. [L.R.] m
slope of regression line

MEM
↰ x<>y [MEM]
call menu for memory information
display remaining memory

MEM PGM
↰ x<>y [MEM] PGM
show programs catalog

MEM VAR
↰ x<>y [MEM] VAR
show variables catalog

MODES
↰ +/- [MODES]
call menu for angle representation units and decimal separator format



N

n
↱ Σ+ [SUMS] n
statistics: number of accumulated datapoints to x-register



O

OCT
↰ × [BASE] OC
select octal mode (base 8)

OFF
↰ C or ↱ C turn calculator off
cannot be used in a program



P

PARTS
↱ √x [PARTS]
call menu for picking parts of a number

Pn,r
↱ ex [PROB] Pn,r
permutations of n items taken r at a time

PRGM
↰ R/S
toggle program mode

PROB
↱ ex [PROB]
call menu for probability function

PSE
↱ R/S
pause
only for programs



R

r
↱ Σ+ [SUMS] r
statistics: correlation coefficient between x- and y-values

RAD
↰ × [MODES] RD
select radians for angle representation

→RAD
↱ 6
convert from degrees to radians

RADIX,
↰ × [MODES] ,
select comma as decimal separator

RADIX.
↰ × [MODES] .
select period as decimal separator

RANDOM
↱ ex [PROB] R
pseudo-random number to x-register
pseudo-random sequence is defined by function SEED

RCL
RCL variable
recall variable to x-register

RCL+
RCL + variable
add variable and x-register, put result to x-register

RCL-
RCL + variable
subtract variable from x-register, put result to x-register

RCL×
RCL + variable
multiply variable and x-register, put result to x-register

RCL÷
RCL + variable
divide x-register by variable, put result to x-register

RND
↰ RCL
round stored number to FIX n decimal places
round stored number to closest as represented in fraction display mode

RTN
↱ +
marks end of a program
program pointer returns to top of memory
if in sub-routine, returns pointer to calling routine

R↓
R↓
roll stack down

R↑
↱ R↓
roll stack up



S

s,σ
↱ 1/x [s,σ]
call menu for calculating standard deviation

SCI
↰ E [DISP] SC nn
scientific display with nn decimal places
use . for values over 9

SCRL
↱ RCL
toggles scrolling of equations

SEED
↱ ex [PROB] SD
set and restart pseudo-random sequence of function RANDOM

SF
↱ × [FLAGS] SF nn
set flag nn
use . for values over 9

SHOW
↱ ENTER
show full precision of x-register
terminates number entry without lifting stack

SIN
SIN
sine

SINH
↰ HYP SIN
hyperbolic sine

SOLVE
↱ 7 variable
solve displayed equation or program designated by FN= for variable

SPACE ²
R/S
insert blank space in equation entry mode

SQ(arg) ²
↰ √x
square of argument (in an equation)

SQRT(arg)
√x
square root of argument (in an equation)

STO
STO variable
copy x-register to variable

STO+
STO + [.lcd]#variable] add x-register and variable, store result in variable

STO-
STO - [.lcd]#variable] subtract x-register from variable, store result in variable

STO×
STO × [.lcd]#variable] multiply x-register and variable, store result in variable

STO÷
STO ÷ [.lcd]#variable] divide variable by x-register, store result in variable

STOP
R/S
with program stopped, start running program from pointer position
with program running, stop execution
as a program instruction, stop execution and display x-register

SUMS
↱ Σ+ [SUMS]
call menu for returning various statistics sums

sx
↱ 1/x [s,σ] sx
statistics: sample standard deviation of x-values

sy
↱ 1/x [s,σ] sy
statistics: sample standard deviation of y-values



T

TAN
TAN
tangent

TANH
↰ HYP TAN
hyperbolic tangent



V

VIEW


↱ 0 variable
display contents of variable without recalling it to stack



X

XEQ (EQN mode)
XEQ
evaluate equation

XEQ
XEQ label
execute program identified by label

x2
↰ √x
square of x-register

x√y
↰ yx
x-register root of y-register

¯
↱ yx [̄,ȳ] ̄
statistics: mean of x-values

̂
↱ LN [L.R.] ̂
return x-value forecast for y-value in x-register

x!
↰ 1/x
factorial

XROOT(arg1 arg2) ²
↰ yx argument1 root of argument2 (in an equation)

̄w
↱ yx [̄,ȳ] ̄w
statistics: weighted mean of x-values

̄
↱ yx [̄,ȳ]
call menu for mean of statistics data

x<>
↱ x<>y variable
exchange x-register with variable

x<>y
x<>y
swap x-register with y-register

x?y
↰ ÷ [x?y]
call menu for comparing x- and y-registers; useful in programs
if test returns true, next program line is executed
if test returns false, next program line is skipped
if used outside of a program, displays YES or NO without affecting the stack

x≠y?
↰ ÷ [x?y] ≠
test whether x-register is NOT EQUAL TO y-register

x≤y?
↰ ÷ [x?y] ≤
test whether x-register is LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO y-register

x<y?
↰ ÷ [x?y] <
test whether x-register is LESS THAN y-register

x>y?
↰ ÷ [x?y] >
test whether x-register is GREATER THAN y-register

x≥y?
↰ ÷ [x?y] ≥

test whether x-register is GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO y-register

x=y?
↰ ÷ [x?y] ≥
test whether x-register is EQUAL TO y-register

x?0
↰ ÷ [x?0]
call menu for comparing x-register to 0; useful in programs
if test returns true, next program line is executed
if test returns false, next program line is skipped
if used outside of a program, displays YES or NO without affecting the stack

x≠0?
↱ ÷ [x?0] ≠
test whether x-register is NOT EQUAL TO 0

x≤0?
↱ ÷ [x?0] ≤
test whether x-register is LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0

x<0?
↱ ÷ [x?0] <
test whether x-register is LESS THAN 0

x>0?
↱ ÷ [x?0] >
test whether x-register is GREATER THAN 0

x≥0?
↱ ÷ [x?0] ≥
test whether x-register is GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 0

x=0?
↰ ÷ [x?y] ≥
test whether x-register is EQUAL TO y-register



Y

ȳ
↱ yx [̄,ȳ] ȳ
statistics: mean of y-values

ŷ
↱ LN [L.R.] ŷ
return y-value forecast for x-value in x-register

y,x → Θ,r
↰ 4
convert coordinates in x- and y-registers from rectangular to polar

yˣ
yx
returns y raised to the x power

EOF